1. Ukunciphisa amafutha
I-degreasing kukususa igrisi kumphezulu womsebenzi kwaye udlulisele igrisi kwizinto ezinyibilikayo okanye i-emulsify kwaye isasaze igrisi ukuze ilungelelane kwaye izinzileyo kulwelo lokuhlambela olusekwe kwi-saponification, i-solubilization, ukumanzisa, ukusasazwa kunye neziphumo ze-emulsification kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zegrisi ukusuka kwi-degreasing. iiarhente.Iikhrayitheriya zokuvavanya umgangatho wokunciphisa: umphezulu we-workpiece akufanele ube negrisi ebonakalayo, i-emulsion okanye enye inkunkuma emva kokutshatyalaliswa, kwaye umphezulu kufuneka ufakwe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi emva kokuhlamba.Umgangatho wokunciphisa ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezintlanu, kubandakanywa i-alkalinity yamahhala, ubushushu besisombululo se-degreasing, ixesha lokucubungula, isenzo soomatshini, kunye nomxholo weoli yesisombululo sokunciphisa.
1.1 Ialkalinity yasimahla (FAL)
Kuphela ugxininiso olufanelekileyo lwe-agent ye-degreasing inokufezekisa umphumo ongcono.I-alkalinity yamahhala (FAL) yesisombululo sokunciphisa kufuneka ibonwe.I-FAL ephantsi iya kunciphisa umphumo wokususwa kweoli, kwaye i-FAL ephezulu iya kwandisa iindleko zempahla, inyuse umthwalo ekuhlambeni emva kokunyanga, kwaye ingcolise umphezulu osebenzayo kunye ne-phosphating.
1.2 Iqondo lobushushu lokucoca isisombululo
Lonke uhlobo lwesisombululo se-degreasing kufuneka lusetyenziswe kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo kakhulu.Ukuba ubushushu buphantsi kuneemfuno zenkqubo, isisombululo sokunciphisa asinako ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwi-degreasing;ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuya kwandiswa, kunye nemiphumo emibi iya kuvela, ngoko ke i-arhente yokunciphisa i-ejenti ikhupha ngokukhawuleza kunye nesantya sokumisa ngokukhawuleza komhlaba, okuya kubangela i-rust, amabala e-alkali kunye ne-oxidation, kuchaphazela umgangatho we-phosphating wenkqubo elandelayo. .Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo lobushushu kufuneka lulungelelaniswe rhoqo.
1.3 Ixesha lokulungisa
Isisombululo se-degreasing kufuneka sidibane ngokupheleleyo neoli kwi-workpiece yoqhagamshelwano olwaneleyo kunye nexesha lokuphendula, ukufezekisa umphumo ongcono wokunciphisa.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ixesha lokukhupha igrisi lide kakhulu, ubuthuntu bomphezulu womsebenzi buya kwandiswa.
1.4 Intshukumo yoomatshini
Ukujikeleza kwepompo okanye ukunyakaza kwe-workpiece kwinkqubo yokunciphisa, eyongezwa ngesenzo somatshini, kunokomeleza ukukhutshwa kweoli kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokucoca kunye nokucoca;isantya sokuthoba isitshizi singaphezulu kwamaxesha ali-10 ngokukhawuleza kunelo lokudipha ukuthoba.
1.5 Umxholo we-oyile yesisombululo sokucoca
Ukusetyenziswa okuhlaziyiweyo kwe-bath fluid kuya kuqhubeka nokwandisa umxholo weoli kwi-bath fluid, kwaye xa umxholo weoli ufikelela kumlinganiselo othile, umphumo wokunciphisa kunye nokucoca i-agent ye-degreasing iya kuhla kakhulu.Ukucoceka kwendawo yokusebenzela ephathwayo akuyi kuphuculwa nokuba i-concentration ephezulu yesisombululo setanki igcinwa ngokudibanisa iikhemikhali.Ulwelo lokuthambisa olusele lukhulile noluwohlokayo malutshintshwe kwitanki iphela.
2. Ukukhetha i-Acid
Umhlwa wenzeka kumphezulu wentsimbi esetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemveliso xa iqengqeleka okanye igcinwa kwaye ithuthwa.Uluhlu lwe-rust kunye nesakhiwo esikhululekile kwaye alukwazi ukunamathela ngokuqinileyo kwizinto ezisisiseko.I-oxide kunye nentsimbi yensimbi inokwenza iseli yokuqala, ekhuthaza ngakumbi ukubola kwesinyithi kwaye ibangele ukuba i-coating itshatyalaliswe ngokukhawuleza.Ngoko ke, umhlwa kufuneka ucocwe ngaphambi kokupeyinta.Umhlwa udla ngokususwa ngokucholwa kweasidi.Ngesantya esikhawulezayo sokususwa komhlwa kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, ukucholwa kweasidi akuyi kuphazamisa intsimbi yokusebenza kwaye inokususa irusi kuzo zonke iikona.I-Pickling kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezisemgangathweni ukuba kungabikho i-oxide ebonakalayo ebonakalayo, i-rust kunye ne-etching over-etching kwi-workpiece ekhethiweyo.Izinto ezichaphazela umphumo wokususwa komhlwa zihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.
2.1 Iasidi yasimahla (FA)
Ukulinganisa i-asidi yasimahla (i-FA) yetanki yokuchola yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo kwaye isebenzayo yokuhlola isiphumo sokususa umhlwa kwitanki yokukha.Ukuba i-asidi yamahhala iphantsi, umphumo wokususa umhlwa ubi.Xa i-asidi yamahhala iphezulu kakhulu, umxholo wenkungu ye-asidi kwindawo yokusebenza inkulu, engafanelekanga ukukhuselwa kwabasebenzi;ubuso besinyithi buxhomekeke "kwi-over-etching";kwaye kunzima ukucoca i-asidi eshiyekileyo, okubangela ukungcola kwesisombululo setanki esilandelayo.
2.2 Ubushushu kunye nexesha
Uninzi lokukhetha lwenziwa kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kwaye ukucholwa okushushu kufuneka kwenziwe ukusuka kwi-40℃ ukuya kwi-70℃.Nangona ubushushu bunempembelelo enkulu ekuphuculeni umthamo wokukha, ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu buya kwandisa ukubola kwesixhobo sokusebenza kunye nezixhobo kwaye zibe nefuthe elibi kwindawo yokusebenza.Ixesha lokukhetha kufuneka libe lifutshane kangangoko xa umhlwa ususiwe ngokupheleleyo.
2.3 Ungcoliseko nokuguga
Kwinkqubo yokususa i-rust, isisombululo se-asidi siya kuqhubeka sizisa ioli okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, kwaye ukungcola okumisiweyo kunokususwa ngokukhuhla.Xa i-ion yentsimbi enyibilikayo idlula umxholo othile, isiphumo sokususa umhlwa kwisisombululo setanki siya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye ii-ion zentsimbi ezingaphezulu ziya kuxutywa kwitanki yephosphate kunye nentsalela yendawo yokusebenza, ukukhawulezisa ungcoliseko kunye nokuguga kwesisombululo setanki yephosphate, kwaye ichaphazela kakhulu umgangatho we-phosphating we-workpiece.
3. Ukusebenza komphezulu
I-arhente esebenzayo yobuso inokuphelisa ukulingana komphezulu womsebenzi ngenxa yokususwa kweoli ngealkali okanye ukususwa komhlwa ngokuchola, ukuze inani elikhulu lamaziko ekristale acoleke kakhulu enziwe kumphezulu wesinyithi, ngaloo ndlela kukhawuleziswa isantya sokuphendula kwephosphate nokukhuthaza ukubunjwa. yokwaleka iphosphate.
3.1 Umgangatho wamanzi
I-rust yamanzi enzulu okanye i-concentration ephezulu ye-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ion kwisisombululo setanki iya kuchaphazela ukuzinza kwesisombululo sokusebenza komhlaba.Amanzi athambileyo anokongezwa xa kulungiswa isisombululo setanki ukuphelisa impembelelo yomgangatho wamanzi kwisisombululo esisebenzayo somphezulu.
3.2 Sebenzisa ixesha
I-arhente esebenza phezu komhlaba idla ngokwenziwa ngetyuwa ye-colloidal titanium enomsebenzi we-colloidal.Umsebenzi we-colloidal uya kulahleka emva kokuba i-ejenti isetyenziswe ixesha elide okanye i-ion yokungcola yanda, okubangelwa ukuchithwa kunye nokubekwa kwe-bath fluid.Ngoko ke ulwelo lokuhlambela kufuneka lutshintshwe.
4. Phosphating
I-Phosphating yinkqubo yokusabela kweekhemikhali kunye ne-electrochemical ukwenza i-phosphate chemical conversion coating, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-phosphate coating.Isisombululo se-zinc phosphating esisezantsi sisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwipeyinti yebhasi.Iinjongo eziphambili ze-phosphating kukubonelela ngokhuseleko kwisiseko sesinyithi, ukukhusela isinyithi kwi-corrosion ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kunye nokuphucula ukubambelela kunye nokukhusela ukubola kwesakhono sefilimu yepeyinti.I-Phosphating yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yonyango lwangaphambi konyango, kwaye inendlela yokusabela entsonkothileyo kunye nezinto ezininzi, ngoko ke kunzima kakhulu ukulawula inkqubo yokuvelisa ulwelo lokuhlambela lwephosphate kunolunye ulwelo lokuhlambela.
4.1 Umlinganiselo we-asidi (umlinganiselo we-asidi iyonke kwi-asidi ekhululekileyo)
Ukunyuka komlinganiselo we-asidi kunokukhawulezisa izinga lokuphendula kwe-phosphating kunye nokwenza i-phosphatingukutyabekamncinci.Kodwa umlinganiselo weasidi ephezulu kakhulu uya kwenza umaleko wokugquma ube mncinane kakhulu, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba uthuthu lube yi-phosphating workpiece;Umlinganiselo weasidi ephantsi uya kucothisa isantya sokusabela kwe-phosphating, unciphise ukunganyangeki komhlwa, kwaye wenze ikristale ye-phosphating ijike iberhabaxa kwaye ibe rhabaxa, nto leyo ekhokelela kumhlwa otyheli kwindawo yokusebenza yephosphating.
4.2 Ubushushu
Ukuba ukushisa kwamanzi okuhlamba kunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo, isantya sokwakheka kwengubo sikhawuleza.Kodwa ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kuya kuchaphazela utshintsho lomlinganiselo we-asidi kunye nokuzinza kwamanzi okuhlamba, kunye nokwandisa inani le-slag ngaphandle kolwelo lokuhlambela.
4.3 Isixa sentlenga
Ngokuqhubeka kokusabela kwephosphate, isixa sentlenga kulwelo lwebhafu siya kwandiswa ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye intlenga egqithisileyo iya kuchaphazela ukusabela kojongano lomphezulu wepiece workpiece, okukhokelela ekujikeni kwephosphates engacacanga.Ngoko ke, ulwelo lokuhlambela kufuneka lugalelwe ngokwenani le-workpiece esetyenzisiweyo kunye nexesha lokusebenzisa.
4.4 I-Nitrite NO-2 (ugxininiso lwe-agent ekhawulezayo)
I-NO-2 inokukhawulezisa isantya se-phosphate reaction, iphucule ukuxinana kunye nokumelana nokubola kwe-phosphate coating.Umxholo ophezulu we-NO-2 uya kwenza ukuba umaleko wokugquma ube lula ukuvelisa amabala amhlophe, kwaye umxholo ophantsi kakhulu uya kunciphisa isantya sokubunjwa kwe-coating kwaye uvelise umhlwa otyheli kwi-phosphate yokwaleka.
4.5 Sulfate radical SO2-4
Uxinaniso oluphezulu kakhulu lwesisombululo se-phosphate okanye ulawulo olulambathayo lokuvasa lunokwandisa ngokulula i-sulfate radical kulwelo lokuhlambela lwe-phosphate, kwaye i-ion ephezulu yesulfate iyakucothisa isantya sokusabela kwe-phosphate, okukhokelela kwikristale erhabaxa kunye ne-porous phosphate yokugquma, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhathisa umhlwa.
4.6 I-ion ye-Ferrous Fe2+
Isiqulatho se-ferrous ion ephezulu kakhulu kwisisombululo sephosphate siya kunciphisa ukuxhathisa kokuhlwa kwephosphate ukutyabeka kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kwenze i-phosphate yokwambathisa ikristale iberhabaxa kubushushu obuphakathi, yandise intlenga yesisombululo sephosphate kubushushu obuphezulu, yenze isisombululo sibe nodaka, kwaye yandise iasidi yasimahla.
5. Ukucima
Injongo yokucima ukuvala i-pores ye-phosphate coating, ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nokuphucula ukunamathela ngokubanzi kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola.Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuvala, okt, ichromium kunye ne-chromium-free.Nangona kunjalo, ityuwa yealkaline inorganic isetyenziselwa ukungasebenzi kwaye uninzi lwetyuwa luqulethe iphosphate, carbonate, nitrite kunye nephosphate, enokonakalisa kakhulu ukunamathela kwexesha elide kunye nokumelana nokubola kwe-corrosion.iingubo.
6. Ukuhlamba ngamanzi
Injongo yokuhlamba amanzi kukususa ulwelo olushiyekileyo kwindawo yokusebenza ukusuka kulwelo lokuhlambela lwangaphambili, kwaye umgangatho wokuhlamba amanzi uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-phosphating we-workpiece kunye nokuzinza kwamanzi okuhlamba.Le miba ilandelayo kufuneka ilawulwe ngexesha lokuhlanjwa kwamanzi olwelo lokuhlambela.
6.1 Umxholo wentsalela yodaka kufuneka ungabi phezulu kakhulu.Umxholo ophezulu kakhulu udla ngokubangela uthuthu kumphezulu womsebenzi.
6.2 Umphezulu wolwelo lwebhafu mawungabi nabumdaka obuxhonyiweyo.Ukuhlamba amanzi okuphuphumayo kudla ngokusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mafutha anqunyanyiswayo okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kumphezulu wolwelo lokuhlambela.
6.3 Ixabiso le-pH yolwelo lokuhlambela kufuneka lisondele ekungathathi hlangothi.Ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu okanye eliphantsi kakhulu le-pH liya kubangela ngokulula ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuhlamba, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukuzinza kolwelo lokuhlambela olulandelayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-23-2022